Disclaimer below.
Hello,
I’m seeing inconsistent Dolby Vision playback behaviour in Infuse with Profile 8.1 files converted from 4K Blu-ray remuxes. The source discs fall into two categories:
-
HDR10 discs into which I injected a Dolby Vision RPU (some CMv2.9, some CMv4.0) from the WEB-DL streaming version to create Profile 8.1
-
Dolby Vision Profile 7 MEL (CMv2.9) discs that I converted to Profile 8.1 and two for which I injected CMv4.0 levels taken from the WEB-DL streaming version
All my WEB-DL DV titles (Profile 8, mostly CMv2.9) work perfectly on both devices, so I’m trying to determine what distinguishes the disc-derived P8.1 files that fail.
I have used DoVi_Scripts v3.0.8 for all conversions and injections, and I have carefully followed the tutorials and guidance from @The_HDR_Dissector (aka R3S3t9999). Below is a concise breakdown of which converted Dolby Vision titles work and which fallback to HDR10 across my two devices.
On iPhone 17
-
WEB Streaming P8 (CMv2.9):
DV Works: Example A -
WEB Streaming P8 (CMv4.0):
DV Works: Example B -
P7 MEL → P8 (CMv2.9):
DV Works: Example D, Example I
HDR10 fallback: Example E -
HDR10 + injected RPU (CMv2.9) → P8:
DV Works: Example C
HDR10 fallback: Example F -
HDR10 + injected RPU (CMv4.0) → P8:
DV Works: Example H -
P7 MEL (CMv2.9) + injected CMv4.0 levels → P8:
DV Works: Example G
On M4 iPad Pro
-
WEB Streaming P8 (CMv2.9):
DV Works: Example A -
WEB Streaming P8 (CMv4.0):
DV Works: Example B -
P7 MEL → P8 (CMv2.9):
DV Works: Example I
HDR10 fallback: Example D, Example E -
HDR10 + injected RPU (CMv2.9) → P8:
HDR10 fallback: Example C, Example F -
HDR10 + injected RPU (CMv4.0) → P8:
DV Works: Example H -
P7 MEL (CMv2.9) + injected CMv4.0 levels → P8:
DV Works: Example G
Possible factors I’m considering include bitrate, mastering nit values (1000 vs 4000), RPU structure, or differences between Apple’s DV pipeline on iPhone vs iPad.
About the Dolby Vision toggle during playback:
Infuse shows the DV badge on the title page for any Profile 5 or Profile 8 file on both devices.
During playback, however, the Dolby Vision toggle in the gear menu only appears for some titles.
I’m not certain this toggle reliably indicates DV activation. I’m only treating it as a hint because:
-
Profile 5 titles also do not show the toggle, yet clearly play in DV (no colour issues), which makes sense because P5 has no HDR10 fallback path.
-
Profile 8 does have HDR10 fallback, so when the toggle disappears on P8 titles, I suspect HDR10 is being used—but I cannot confirm this 100%.
Even with that uncertainty, the pattern across devices is consistent enough that I’m trying to understand the underlying cause.
Devices & Software version
- iPad Pro M4 (iPadOS 26.1)
- iPhone 17 (iOS 26.1)
- Infuse Pro (8.3.1)
Below are the categories of titles with MediaInfo and DoVi RPU metadata.
1. Streaming WEB-DL DV titles that appear to play DV on both devices
Example A: [WEB Streaming Title CMv2.9]
iPhone 17: Dolby Vision toggle visible and enabled ![]()
M4 iPad Pro: Dolby Vision toggle visible and enabled ![]()
MediaInfo:
Example A.txt (18.9 KB)
Video
ID : 1
Format : HEVC
Format/Info : High Efficiency Video Coding
Format profile : Main 10@L5@High
HDR format : Dolby Vision, Version 1.0, Profile 8.1, dvhe.08.06, BL+RPU, no metadata compression, HDR10 compatible / SMPTE ST 2086, Version HDR10, HDR10 compatible
Codec ID : V_MPEGH/ISO/HEVC
Duration : 2 h 12 min
Bit rate : 16.6 Mb/s
Width : 3 840 pixels
Height : 2 160 pixels
Display aspect ratio : 16:9
Frame rate mode : Constant
Frame rate : 23.976 (24000/1001) FPS
Color space : YUV
Chroma subsampling : 4:2:0
Bit depth : 10 bits
Bits/(Pixel*Frame) : 0.084
Stream size : 15.4 GiB (96%)
Default : Yes
Forced : No
Color range : Limited
Color primaries : BT.2020
Transfer characteristics : PQ
Matrix coefficients : BT.2020 non-constant
Mastering display color primaries : Display P3
Mastering display luminance : min: 0.0000 cd/m2, max: 1000 cd/m2
Sample DoVi RPU metadata:
Summary:
Frames: 576
Profile: 8
DM version: 1 (CM v2.9)
Scene/shot count: 2
RPU mastering display: 0.0001/1000 nits
RPU content light level (L1): MaxCLL: 329.19 nits, MaxFALL: 10.05 nits
L6 metadata: Mastering display: 0.0001/1000 nits. MaxCLL: 0 nits, MaxFALL: 0 nits
L5 offsets: top=68, bottom=68, left=0, right=0
L2 trims: 100 nits, 600 nits, 1000 nits
Base Layer (HDR10+P8): min: 0.0000 cd/m2, max: 1000 cd/m2(Display P3), MaxCLL: 0nits, MaxFALL: 0nits
Resolution\FPS: 3840 x 2160 @ 23.976
Example B: [WEB Streaming Title CMv4.0]
iPhone 17: Dolby Vision toggle visible and enabled ![]()
M4 iPad Pro: Dolby Vision toggle visible and enabled ![]()
MediaInfo:
Full Media Info - Example B.txt (25.0 KB)
Video
ID : 1
Format : HEVC
Format/Info : High Efficiency Video Coding
Format profile : Main 10@L5@High
HDR format : Dolby Vision, Version 1.0, Profile 8.1, dvhe.08.06, BL+RPU, no metadata compression, HDR10 compatible / SMPTE ST 2086, Version HDR10, HDR10 compatible
Codec ID : V_MPEGH/ISO/HEVC
Duration : 1 h 54 min
Bit rate : 13.7 Mb/s
Width : 3 840 pixels
Height : 2 160 pixels
Display aspect ratio : 16:9
Frame rate mode : Constant
Frame rate : 24.000 FPS
Color space : YUV
Chroma subsampling : 4:2:0
Bit depth : 10 bits
Bits/(Pixel*Frame) : 0.069
Stream size : 11.0 GiB (95%)
Default : Yes
Forced : No
Color range : Limited
Color primaries : BT.2020
Transfer characteristics : PQ
Matrix coefficients : BT.2020 non-constant
Mastering display color primaries : BT.2020
Mastering display luminance : min: 0.0001 cd/m2, max: 1000 cd/m2
Sample DoVi RPU metadata:
Summary:
Frames: 576
Profile: 8
DM version: 2 (CM v4.0)
Scene/shot count: 4
RPU mastering display: 0.0001/1000 nits
RPU content light level (L1): MaxCLL: 349.38 nits, MaxFALL: 10.05 nits
L6 metadata: Mastering display: 0.0001/1000 nits. MaxCLL: 0 nits, MaxFALL: 0 nits
L5 offsets: top=12, bottom=12, left=0, right=0
L2 trims: 100 nits, 600 nits, 1000 nits
L8 trims: 100 nits
L9 MDP: BT.2020
Base Layer (HDR10+P8): min: 0.0001 cd/m2, max: 1000 cd/m2(BT.2020), MaxCLL: 0nits, MaxFALL: 0nits
Resolution\FPS: 3840 x 2160 @ 24.000
2. Disc-derived P8.1 titles that show DV on iPhone but not on iPad
Example C: [4K Blu-ray Remux Title HDR10] — HDR10 → DV RPU injection → P8.1 (CMv2.9)
iPhone 17: Dolby Vision toggle visible and enabled ![]()
M4 iPad Pro: Dolby Vision toggle missing ![]()
MediaInfo:
Full Media Info - Example C.txt (30.0 KB)
Video
ID : 1
Format : HEVC
Format/Info : High Efficiency Video Coding
Format profile : Main 10@L5.1@High
HDR format : Dolby Vision, Version 1.0, Profile 8.1, dvhe.08.06, BL+RPU, no metadata compression, HDR10 compatible / SMPTE ST 2086, Version HDR10, HDR10 compatible
Codec ID : V_MPEGH/ISO/HEVC
Duration : 3 h 2 min
Bit rate : 52.5 Mb/s
Width : 3 840 pixels
Height : 2 160 pixels
Display aspect ratio : 16:9
Frame rate mode : Constant
Frame rate : 23.976 (24000/1001) FPS
Color space : YUV
Chroma subsampling : 4:2:0 (Type 2)
Bit depth : 10 bits
Bits/(Pixel*Frame) : 0.264
Stream size : 66.9 GiB (87%)
Writing library : ATEME Titan File 3.9.6 (4.9.6.2)
Default : Yes
Forced : No
Color range : Limited
Color primaries : BT.2020
Transfer characteristics : PQ
Matrix coefficients : BT.2020 non-constant
Mastering display color primaries : Display P3
Mastering display luminance : min: 0.0050 cd/m2, max: 4000 cd/m2
Maximum Content Light Level : 699 cd/m2
Maximum Frame-Average Light Level : 530 cd/m2
Sample DoVi RPU metadata:
Summary:
Frames: 560
Profile: 8
DM version: 1 (CM v2.9)
Scene/shot count: 4
RPU mastering display: 0.0050/4000 nits
RPU content light level (L1): MaxCLL: 625.80 nits, MaxFALL: 10.59 nits
L6 metadata: Mastering display: 0.0050/4000 nits. MaxCLL: 699 nits, MaxFALL: 530 nits
L5 offsets: top=0..276, bottom=0..277, left=0..380, right=0..380
L2 trims: 100 nits, 600 nits, 1000 nits
Base Layer (HDR10+P8): min: 0.0050 cd/m2, max: 4000 cd/m2(Display P3), MaxCLL: 699nits, MaxFALL: 530nits
Resolution\FPS: 3840 x 2160 @ 23.976
Example D: [4K Blu-ray Remux Title DV CMv2.9] — P7 MEL → P8.1 (CMv2.9)
iPhone 17: Dolby Vision toggle visible and enabled ![]()
M4 iPad Pro: Dolby Vision toggle missing ![]()
MediaInfo:
Full Media Info - Example D.txt (12.8 KB)
Video
ID : 1
Format : HEVC
Format/Info : High Efficiency Video Coding
Format profile : Main 10@L5.1@High
HDR format : Dolby Vision, Version 1.0, Profile 8.1, dvhe.08.06, BL+RPU, no metadata compression, HDR10 compatible / SMPTE ST 2086, Version HDR10, HDR10 compatible
Codec ID : V_MPEGH/ISO/HEVC
Duration : 1 h 41 min
Bit rate : 81.3 Mb/s
Width : 3 840 pixels
Height : 2 160 pixels
Display aspect ratio : 16:9
Frame rate mode : Constant
Frame rate : 23.976 (24000/1001) FPS
Color space : YUV
Chroma subsampling : 4:2:0 (Type 2)
Bit depth : 10 bits
Bits/(Pixel*Frame) : 0.409
Stream size : 57.5 GiB (87%)
Default : Yes
Forced : No
Color range : Limited
Color primaries : BT.2020
Transfer characteristics : PQ
Matrix coefficients : BT.2020 non-constant
Mastering display color primaries : Display P3
Mastering display luminance : min: 0.0001 cd/m2, max: 1000 cd/m2
Maximum Content Light Level : 488 cd/m2
Maximum Frame-Average Light Level : 302 cd/m2
Sample DoVi RPU metadata:
Summary:
Frames: 566
Profile: 8
DM version: 1 (CM v2.9)
Scene/shot count: 3
RPU mastering display: 0.0001/1000 nits
RPU content light level (L1): MaxCLL: 156.39 nits, MaxFALL: 10.05 nits
L6 metadata: Mastering display: 0.0001/1000 nits. MaxCLL: 488 nits, MaxFALL: 302 nits
L5 offsets: top=42, bottom=42, left=0, right=0
L2 trims: 100 nits, 600 nits, 1000 nits
Base Layer (HDR10+P8): min: 0.0001 cd/m2, max: 1000 cd/m2(Display P3), MaxCLL: 488nits, MaxFALL: 302nits
Resolution\FPS: 3840 x 2160 @ 23.976
3. Disc-derived P8.1 titles that appear to fall back to HDR10 on both devices
Example E: [4K Blu-ray Remux Title DV CMv2.9] — P7 MEL → P8.1 (CMv2.9)
iPhone 17: Dolby Vision toggle missing ![]()
M4 iPad Pro: Dolby Vision toggle missing ![]()
MediaInfo:
Full Media Info - Example E.txt (47.6 KB)
Video
ID : 1
Format : HEVC
Format/Info : High Efficiency Video Coding
Format profile : Main 10@L5.1@High
HDR format : Dolby Vision, Version 1.0, Profile 8.1, dvhe.08.06, BL+RPU, no metadata compression, HDR10 compatible / SMPTE ST 2086, Version HDR10, HDR10 compatible
Codec ID : V_MPEGH/ISO/HEVC
Duration : 2 h 35 min
Bit rate : 59.7 Mb/s
Width : 3 840 pixels
Height : 2 160 pixels
Display aspect ratio : 16:9
Frame rate mode : Constant
Frame rate : 23.976 (24000/1001) FPS
Color space : YUV
Chroma subsampling : 4:2:0 (Type 2)
Bit depth : 10 bits
Bits/(Pixel*Frame) : 0.300
Stream size : 64.8 GiB (79%)
Default : Yes
Forced : No
Color range : Limited
Color primaries : BT.2020
Transfer characteristics : PQ
Matrix coefficients : BT.2020 non-constant
Mastering display color primaries : Display P3
Mastering display luminance : min: 0.0050 cd/m2, max: 4000 cd/m2
Maximum Content Light Level : 787 cd/m2
Maximum Frame-Average Light Level : 239 cd/m2
Sample DoVi RPU metadata:
Summary:
Frames: 554
Profile: 8
DM version: 1 (CM v2.9)
Scene/shot count: 3
RPU mastering display: 0.0050/4000 nits
RPU content light level (L1): MaxCLL: 364.88 nits, MaxFALL: 43.60 nits
L6 metadata: Mastering display: 0.0050/4000 nits. MaxCLL: 787 nits, MaxFALL: 239 nits
L5 offsets: top=276, bottom=277, left=0, right=0
L2 trims: 100 nits, 600 nits, 1000 nits
Base Layer (HDR10+P8): min: 0.0050 cd/m2, max: 4000 cd/m2(Display P3), MaxCLL: 787nits, MaxFALL: 239nits
Resolution\FPS: 3840 x 2160 @ 23.976
Example F: [4K Blu-ray Remux Title HDR10] — HDR10 → DV RPU injection → P8.1 (CMv2.9)
iPhone 17: Dolby Vision toggle missing ![]()
M4 iPad Pro: Dolby Vision toggle missing ![]()
MediaInfo:
Full Media Info - Example F.txt (51.7 KB)
Video
ID : 1
Format : HEVC
Format/Info : High Efficiency Video Coding
Format profile : Main 10@L5.1@High
HDR format : Dolby Vision, Version 1.0, Profile 8.1, dvhe.08.06, BL+RPU, no metadata compression, HDR10 compatible / SMPTE ST 2086, Version HDR10, HDR10 compatible
Codec ID : V_MPEGH/ISO/HEVC
Duration : 4 h 2 min
Bit rate : 51.0 Mb/s
Width : 3 840 pixels
Height : 2 160 pixels
Display aspect ratio : 16:9
Frame rate mode : Constant
Frame rate : 23.976 (24000/1001) FPS
Color space : YUV
Chroma subsampling : 4:2:0 (Type 2)
Bit depth : 10 bits
Bits/(Pixel*Frame) : 0.257
Stream size : 86.4 GiB (72%)
Language : English
Default : Yes
Forced : No
Color range : Limited
Color primaries : BT.2020
Transfer characteristics : PQ
Matrix coefficients : BT.2020 non-constant
Mastering display color primaries : Display P3
Mastering display luminance : min: 0.0001 cd/m2, max: 1000 cd/m2
Maximum Content Light Level : 597 cd/m2
Maximum Frame-Average Light Level : 122 cd/m2
Sample DoVi RPU metadata:
Summary:
Frames: 552
Profile: 8
DM version: 1 (CM v2.9)
Scene/shot count: 4
RPU mastering display: 0.0001/1000 nits
RPU content light level (L1): MaxCLL: 333.75 nits, MaxFALL: 10.05 nits
L6 metadata: Mastering display: 0.0001/1000 nits. MaxCLL: 597 nits, MaxFALL: 122 nits
L5 offsets: top=0, bottom=0, left=480, right=480
L2 trims: 100 nits, 600 nits, 1000 nits
Base Layer (HDR10+P8): min: 0.0001 cd/m2, max: 1000 cd/m2(Display P3), MaxCLL: 597nits, MaxFALL: 122nits
Resolution\FPS: 3840 x 2160 @ 23.976
4. Disc-derived P8.1 titles that play DV on both devices
Example G: [4K Blu-ray Remux Title DV CMv2.9] — P7 MEL CMv2.9 with CMv4.0 levels injected
iPhone 17: Dolby Vision toggle visible and enabled ![]()
M4 iPad Pro: Dolby Vision toggle visible and enabled ![]()
MediaInfo:
Full Media Info - Example G.txt (22.5 KB)
Video
ID : 1
Format : HEVC
Format/Info : High Efficiency Video Coding
Format profile : Main 10@L5.1@High
HDR format : Dolby Vision, Version 1.0, Profile 8.1, dvhe.08.06, BL+RPU, no metadata compression, HDR10 compatible / SMPTE ST 2086, Version HDR10, HDR10 compatible
Codec ID : V_MPEGH/ISO/HEVC
Duration : 2 h 45 min
Bit rate : 49.2 Mb/s
Width : 3 840 pixels
Height : 2 160 pixels
Display aspect ratio : 16:9
Frame rate mode : Constant
Frame rate : 23.976 (24000/1001) FPS
Color space : YUV
Chroma subsampling : 4:2:0 (Type 2)
Bit depth : 10 bits
Bits/(Pixel*Frame) : 0.247
Stream size : 57.0 GiB (88%)
Default : Yes
Forced : No
Color range : Limited
Color primaries : BT.2020
Transfer characteristics : PQ
Matrix coefficients : BT.2020 non-constant
Mastering display color primaries : Display P3
Mastering display luminance : min: 0.0001 cd/m2, max: 1000 cd/m2
Maximum Content Light Level : 763 cd/m2
Maximum Frame-Average Light Level : 218 cd/m2
DoVi RPU metadata:
Summary:
Frames: 554
Profile: 8
DM version: 2 (CM v4.0)
Scene/shot count: 2
RPU mastering display: 0.0001/1000 nits
RPU content light level (L1): MaxCLL: 910.72 nits, MaxFALL: 63.83 nits
L6 metadata: Mastering display: 0.0001/1000 nits. MaxCLL: 999 nits, MaxFALL: 473 nits
L5 offsets: top=276, bottom=276, left=0, right=0
L2 trims: 100 nits, 600 nits, 1000 nits
L8 trims: 100 nits
L9 MDP: DCI-P3 D65
Base Layer (HDR10+P8): min: 0.0001 cd/m2, max: 1000 cd/m2(Display P3), MaxCLL: 763nits, MaxFALL: 218nits
Resolution\FPS: 3840 x 2160 @ 23.976
Example H: [4K Blu-ray Remux Title HDR10] — HDR10 → DV RPU injection → P8.1 (CMv2.9)
iPhone 17: Dolby Vision toggle visible and enabled ![]()
M4 iPad Pro: Dolby Vision toggle visible and enabled ![]()
MediaInfo:
Full Media Info - Example H.txt (12.8 KB)
Video
ID : 1
Format : HEVC
Format/Info : High Efficiency Video Coding
Format profile : Main 10@L5.1@High
HDR format : Dolby Vision, Version 1.0, Profile 8.1, dvhe.08.06, BL+RPU, no metadata compression, HDR10 compatible / SMPTE ST 2086, Version HDR10, HDR10 compatible
Codec ID : V_MPEGH/ISO/HEVC
Duration : 1 h 23 min
Bit rate : 86.6 Mb/s
Width : 3 840 pixels
Height : 2 160 pixels
Display aspect ratio : 16:9
Frame rate mode : Constant
Frame rate : 23.976 (24000/1001) FPS
Color space : YUV
Chroma subsampling : 4:2:0 (Type 2)
Bit depth : 10 bits
Bits/(Pixel*Frame) : 0.435
Stream size : 50.3 GiB (98%)
Default : Yes
Forced : No
Color range : Limited
Color primaries : BT.2020
Transfer characteristics : PQ
Matrix coefficients : BT.2020 non-constant
Mastering display color primaries : BT.2020
Mastering display luminance : min: 0.0001 cd/m2, max: 1000 cd/m2
DoVi RPU metadata:
Summary:
Frames: 556
Profile: 8
DM version: 2 (CM v4.0)
Scene/shot count: 3
RPU mastering display: 0.0001/1000 nits
RPU content light level (L1): MaxCLL: 235.66 nits, MaxFALL: 10.05 nits
L6 metadata: Mastering display: 0.0001/1000 nits. MaxCLL: 0 nits, MaxFALL: 0 nits
L5 offsets: top=0, bottom=0, left=440, right=440
L2 trims: 100 nits, 600 nits, 1000 nits
L8 trims: 100 nits
L9 MDP: BT.2020
Base Layer (HDR10+P8): min: 0.0001 cd/m2, max: 1000 cd/m2(BT.2020), MaxCLL: 0nits, MaxFALL: 0nits
Resolution\FPS: 3840 x 2160 @ 23.976
Example H: [4K Blu-ray Remux Title DV CMv2.9] — P7 MEL → P8.1 (CMv2.9)
iPhone 17: Dolby Vision toggle visible and enabled ![]()
M4 iPad Pro: Dolby Vision toggle visible and enabled ![]()
MediaInfo:
Full Media Info - Example I.txt (18.7 KB)
Video
ID : 1
Format : HEVC
Format/Info : High Efficiency Video Coding
Format profile : Main 10@L5.1@High
HDR format : Dolby Vision, Version 1.0, Profile 8.1, dvhe.08.06, BL+RPU, no metadata compression, HDR10 compatible / SMPTE ST 2086, Version HDR10, HDR10 compatible
Codec ID : V_MPEGH/ISO/HEVC
Duration : 2 h 10 min
Bit rate : 76.7 Mb/s
Width : 3 840 pixels
Height : 2 160 pixels
Display aspect ratio : 16:9
Frame rate mode : Constant
Frame rate : 24.000 FPS
Color space : YUV
Chroma subsampling : 4:2:0 (Type 2)
Bit depth : 10 bits
Bits/(Pixel*Frame) : 0.385
Stream size : 70.0 GiB (98%)
Default : Yes
Forced : No
Color range : Limited
Color primaries : BT.2020
Transfer characteristics : PQ
Matrix coefficients : BT.2020 non-constant
Mastering display color primaries : Display P3
Mastering display luminance : min: 0.0001 cd/m2, max: 1000 cd/m2
Maximum Content Light Level : 690 cd/m2
Maximum Frame-Average Light Level : 464 cd/m2
DoVi RPU metadata:
Summary:
Frames: 573
Profile: 8
DM version: 1 (CM v2.9)
Scene/shot count: 3
RPU mastering display: 0.0001/1000 nits
RPU content light level (L1): MaxCLL: 100.10 nits, MaxFALL: 10.05 nits
L6 metadata: Mastering display: 0.0001/1000 nits. MaxCLL: 690 nits, MaxFALL: 464 nits
L5 offsets: top=42, bottom=42, left=0, right=0
L2 trims: 100 nits, 600 nits, 1000 nits
Base Layer (HDR10+P8): min: 0.0001 cd/m2, max: 1000 cd/m2(Display P3), MaxCLL: 690nits, MaxFALL: 464nits
Resolution\FPS: 3840 x 2160 @ 24.000
What I’m hoping to understand
-
Whether the DV toggle during playback correctly reflects DV status for Profile 8.
-
Why WEB-DL Profile 8 titles (CMv2.9 or CMv4.0) consistently work across my devices, while many disc-derived P8.1 titles do not.
-
Why the iPhone 17 accepts some disc P8.1 titles in DV while the iPad Pro M4 rejects more.
-
Whether bitrate, mastering levels, or RPU characteristics inherited from P7 MEL might trigger DV fallback.
-
Whether iPadOS handles Profile 8.1 BL+RPU more strictly than iOS, affecting Infuse behaviour.
-
Whether there is a reliable conversion method for disc Dolby Vision → Profile 8.1 that Infuse and Apple devices will consistently accept.
Thank you kindly for your time.
Disclaimer: I used ChatGPT to help refine the structure and clarity of this post, but all technical details and observations are my own.